Thứ Ba, 29 tháng 7, 2014

Causes And Symptoms Of Eye Floaters


For those who’ve never experienced this phenomenon, eye floaters are little oddly shaped objects that appear in your vision, often when one looks at bright light such as a blue sky.  Their shapes vary greatly, but will often appear as spots, cobwebs, or randomly shaped stringy objects.  These are not optical illusions, but rather something your eyes actually perceive. 

There are a few different things that can cause this, but in most cases these eye floaters are caused by pieces of the gel-like vitreous breaking off from the back portion of your eye and then floating about in your eye ball

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Eye floaters are small moving spots that appear in your field of vision. They may be especially noticeable when you look at something bright, such as white paper or a blue sky.

Eye floaters can be annoying, but they generally don't interfere with your sight.
Occasionally a particularly large eye floater may cast a subtle shadow over your vision. But this tends to occur only in certain types of light.

Most of the time people learn to live with eye floaters and ignore them. And they often improve over months to years. Only rarely do benign eye floaters become bothersome enough to consider treatment.



Floaters can occur in a variety of different forms. They may appear as:
·         dots 
·         circles 
·         lines 
·         cobwebs 
·         other shapes
You may have many small floaters in your field of vision or just one or two larger ones. Most floaters are small and quickly move out of your field of vision.
Larger floaters can be distracting and may make activities involving high levels of concentration, such as reading or driving, difficult.

When to visit your optician
Floaters are usually harmless and do not significantly affect your vision. However, it's important you have your eyes checked by an optician regularly (at least once every two years).
Find an optician near you.
You should visit your optician immediately if a new floater suddenly appears, or if there is a rapid increase in the number of floaters you can see. They may refer you to an ophthalmologist (a specialist in diagnosing and treating eye conditions).
Occasionally, floaters can be a symptom of retinal tears orretinal detachment. The ophthalmologist will check for this by examining your retina (the light-sensitive cells at the back of the eye).
If your retina is detached, you will usually experience:
·         a large number of floaters
·         bright, flashing lights
·         some loss of vision
If you think you may have retinal detachment, seek immediate medical attention from either your GP or optician.

Symptoms

-       Tiny specks of floating material make a sudden appearance in one’s field of vision.  These may be transparent or murky.
-       The floating substances move along with eye movement, making it impossible to focus on them.
-       The presence of these floaters become more pronounced when looking at radiating or reflective lights, bright backgrounds (like the clear blue sky), or viewing an operational computer screen.
-       The specks or other floating shapes will move out of one’s line of vision eventually.


Causes of eye floaters 


Floaters are caused by small pieces of debris that float in the vitreous humour of the eye.
They occur behind the lens and in front of the retina. The lens is a small clear structure that focuses light as it enters the eye. The retina is the light-sensitive tissue that lines the inside surface of the back of the eye.

Floaters occur as part of the natural ageing process. Some people may have posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), which is where the vitreous jelly comes away from the retina (see below). This may cause a sudden increase in the number of floaters

Ageing process

As you get older, your risk of developing floaters increases. They tend to occur in people over 40 years of age, and are most common in those in their 60s and 70s. However, some younger people may also develop floaters.

As you get older, the vitreous humour in the middle of your eyeball can become softer, and strands of a protein called collagen may become visible within it. The collagen strands may appear to swirl as your eyes move.

Normally, light travels through the clear layer of vitreous humour to reach the retina. The light-sensitive layer of cells at the back of your eye that form the retina transmit images to your brain via the optic nerve. Any objects that are in the vitreous humour, such as floaters, will cast shadows onto the retina.




Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)

 

Floaters can be a symptom of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). This is a common condition that occurs in around three-quarters of people over 65 years of age. PVD can occur as the result of changes to the vitreous humour as the eye gets older.

As your eye ages, the central part of the vitreous humour becomes more liquid and the outer part, known as the cortex (which contains more collagen), starts to shrink away from the retina. Floaters develop as a result of the collagen thickening and clumping together.

As well as floaters, flashing lights can be another symptom of PVD. This can occur if the outer part of the vitreous humour pulls on the light-sensitive tissue of the retina. The pulling stimulates the retina, which causes your brain to interpret it as a light signal and creates the sensation of flashing lights.


Retinal tears

In a few cases of PVD, when the vitreous humour pulls on the retina, it can cause the tiny blood vessels in the retina to burst and bleed into the vitreous humour. The red blood cells may appear as tiny black dots or they may look like smoke. However, as the blood is absorbed back into the retina, these floaters tend to disappear over the course of a few months.
In some cases, the vitreous humour remains attached to parts of the retina and tears the retina as it pulls away. If the retina tears, blood that escapes into the vitreous humour can cause a shower of floaters all at once. You may also see flashes of bright, white light in your field of vision that look similar to lightning streaks.
It is important to be aware that flashes in your vision are not necessarily a sign of retinal tears or retinal detachment (see below). They may have another cause, such as a migraine with aura (a headache with a zigzag pattern across your field of vision).
Floaters and flashes do not usually cause long-term visual impairment. However, if you experience them, you should visit an optician to have your eyes examined.


Other causes
If you have had eye surgery, such as cataract surgery, you are more likely to experience floaters, PVD and, more rarely, retinal tears and retinal detachment. In some cases, floaters may also be caused by: 

·         infection 
·         uveitis
·         eye disease 
·         eye injury 

Floaters are also more common in people who have:

·         short-sightedness (myopia) – where distant objects appear blurred, while close objects can still be seen clearly
·         diabetes – a lifelong condition that causes a person's blood sugar level to become too high

As floaters and flashes can be caused by a number of eye conditions, some of which can affect your vision, it is always best to have your eyes checked by an eye care specialist. You should also visit a specialist if you have floaters or flashes that get worse.



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